• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    A machine element for transmitting a force and / or a moment, comprising a primary sensor for measuring the force or the moment to be transmitted, and a permanent magnetization, produced by the force and / or the moment of a measurable magnetic field, produced outside the machine element. The permanent magnetization extends along a closed magnetization path (02), and is made in a surface layer (01) of the machine element which has a magnetic permeability at least greater than the segment of the machine element under the surface layer (01).
    公开号:FR3024233A1
    申请号:FR1556876
    申请日:2015-07-21
    公开日:2016-01-29
    发明作者:Jan Matysik
    申请人:Schaeffler Technologies AG and Co KG；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    [0001] FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a machine element constructed to transmit a force and / or moment as well as to measure the force or moment to be transmitted.
    [0002] The invention also relates to a device for measuring a force and / or a moment with the machine element according to the invention. In addition, the invention relates to a method of producing the machine element according to the invention.
    [0003] STATE OF THE ART Document US Pat. No. 5,321,985 describes a magnetostrictive torque sensor according to which a magnetostrictive layer is applied to the surface of a shaft and is positioned relative to excitation and detection coils. The magnetostrictive layer is biased with a magnetic field produced by excitation coils so that the magnetic field emerging from the magnetostrictive layer can be measured with the sense coils. The torque applied to the shaft generates a tension of the material in the magnetostrictive layer, which modifies the relative magnetic permeability of the magnetostrictive layer as a function of the direction. US 2007/0022809 A1 discloses a device for measuring a torque. According to this document, a layer of magnetostrictive materials is made on the shaft. This layer comprises a layer of diffused aluminum.
    [0004] DE 39 40 220 A1 describes a load sensor for measuring the loads produced by a torque applied to a shaft. The magnetostrictive elements of the tree are divided into two groups in a zigzag pattern. With detection coils, a magnetic flux is produced in the magnetostrictive element.
    [0005] US 5,052,232 discloses a magneto-elastic transmitter with a machine member having two peripheral magnetostrictive coatings. These coatings have opposite magnetizations in a helical distribution. DE 698 38 904 T2 discloses a torque sensor with circular magnetization. The magnetization is carried out in the ferromagnetic, magnetostrictive material of a shaft and extends around the shaft in a circular shape. US 7,752,923 B2 discloses a magnetostrictive torque sensor with a magnetic insulation layer applied to the shaft and a magnetostrictive layer applied thereto. The magnetic insulation and electrically conductive layers are made in the form of a hollow cylinder on which the element exposed to the pair is freted. EP 0 162 957 A1 discloses a method of measuring the mechanical tension applied to a shaft by using the magnetostrictive properties of a magnetic material applied to the shaft. Between the shaft and the magnetic material, a nonmagnetic support sleeve is applied to the shaft with a force connection. DE 602 00 499 T2 discloses a magnetic structure position sensor formed of two ferromagnetic rings. DE 691 32 101 T2 discloses a magnetic image generator with a wire which has a magnetization in the peripheral direction.
    [0006] DE 692 22 588 T2 discloses a ring-shaped magnetization torque sensor. WO 2007/048143 A2 discloses a sensor with a magnetized shaft. WO 01/27638 A1 discloses an oscillation sensor with a peripherally or longitudinally magnetized shaft. WO 2006/053244 A2 discloses a torque sensor with magnetization on a shaft. The magnetization is developed at the periphery.
    [0007] US 8.191.431 B2 discloses a sensor device with a magnetized shaft. DE 600 08 543 T2 discloses a converter element applied to a torque or force sensor. The converter element is a one-piece element in a tree in a magnetizable material and its magnetization is oriented in the axial direction. JP 59-192930 A discloses a method of detecting, using a magnetic field sensor, the torque applied to a shaft whose surface has an anisotropic magnetization layer. The layer is not itself permanently magnetized, but it is magnetized in one direction by a permanent magnet. OBJECT OF THE INVENTION From the state of the art, the object of the present invention is to improve the stability and the service life of the magnetization required for the inverse magnetostrictive effect for a force measurement. and / or moment. In particular, the invention proposes to improve the stability vis-à-vis the influence of temperature, demagnetization and mechanical influences, such as shocks or jolts. The measure of stability concerns in particular the amplitude of the steady flow density, which must change in all cases only slightly throughout the lifetime. DESCRIPTION AND ADVANTAGES OF THE INVENTION For this purpose, the subject of the invention is a machine element for transmitting a force and / or a moment, this element of a machine comprising a primary sensor for measuring the force or the moment to be transmitted, and its permanent magnetization, is produced by the force and / or the moment of a measurable magnetic field produced outside the machine element, the permanent magnetization extending along the a closed magnetization path and is made in a surface layer of the machine element which has a magnetic permeability at least greater than the segment of the machine element which lies beneath the surface layer. The machine element according to the invention serves to transmit a force and / or a moment in a machine. The force or moment acts on the machine element which results in mechanical stresses producing a generally slight deformation of the machine element. The machine element preferably extends along an axis 35 which is preferably its axis of rotation.
    [0008] The machine element according to the invention also makes it possible to measure the force or moment to be transmitted. For this it includes a primary sensor with permanent magnetization to measure the force or moment to be transmitted. Permanent magnetization as well as force and / or moment produce a measurable magnetic field, which occurs outside the machine element due to the inverse magnetostrictive element; this magnetic field is measurable by a secondary sensor formed in particular by a magnetic field sensor. The primary sensor, i.e. the permanent magnetization, transforms the force or moment to be measured into a corresponding magnetic field while the secondary sensor converts the magnetic field into an electrical signal. Permanent magnetization extends along a closed magnetization path so that it is an endless path. The magnetization path passes through the material of the machine member. In the region around the magnetization path, the material of the machine element is permanently magnetized. Outside this zone, the machine element is preferably unmagnetized. The magnetization path preferably has at least one segment a tangential component to the axis of the machine element. The permanent magnetization along the magnetization path is preferably remanently applied in the machine member, i.e., it is printed or coded therein. According to the invention, the permanent magnetization is developed in a surface layer of the machine element which has, in particular in the non-stressed state by force or by the moment, a greater magnetic permeability. at least with respect to the segment of the machine element which lies beneath the surface layer. Preferably, the surface layer has a greater magnetic permeability than all segments of the machine member which lies beneath the surface layer. The surface layer is preferably made only in the parts of the surface of the machine element. In a particularly preferred manner, the surface layer is only produced in the zone of permanent magnetization. Preferably, the permanent magnetization is carried out exclusively in the surface layer. The surface layer may be provided on the base body of the machine element. The surface layer and its closed magnetization path ensure stable permanent magnetization, which is an essential advantage of the machine element according to the invention. The surface layer is preferably of a magnetostrictive material, which makes it possible to measure the force produced or the moment produced according to a reverse magnetostrictive effect. A particular property of permanent magnetization along the closed magnetization path is that in the unsolicited state this does not result in any magnetic field that can be seen externally. Therefore, the permanent magnetization in a machine element in the non-stressed state by force and / or moment is preferably magnetically neutral outside the machine element. In principle, one could nevertheless measure a small and negligible small magnetic field. The permanent magnetization is preferably performed by a partial zone of the volume of the machine element magnetized in three dimensions and which has the form of a closed rope whose magnetization path is the central axis of the rope. The rope on the surface layer preferably has a circular section or a quadrangular section. The section can also be flattened, for example in the form of a flattened superellipse or a flat rectangle. Preferably, the section of the rope is invariable according to the extension of the rope. However, the section of the chord may also be variable depending on its extension. The magnetization path is preferably formed by a three-dimensional curve closed in space. The curve passes into the surface layer of the machine element, in particular through the material of the surface layer of the machine element. In principle, the curve may be arbitrary and in particular the curve may be irregular. The magnetization path, i.e., the three-dimensional curve is preferably symmetrical with respect to the axis. The magnetization path or the three-dimensional curve thus preferably has at least one axis of symmetry. The surface layer can also be made in a cavity of the machine element. The surface layer may have different thicknesses. The magnetization path is made at different depths of the surface layer, for example through recesses. The magnetization path or the three-dimensional curve extends peripherally around a recess of the machine element. The recess is, for example, a radial bore in the machine element. Preferably, the orientation of the permanent magnetization varies with respect to the axis along the magnetization path. Thus, the orientation of the magnetization path varies according to its extension with respect to the axis. It is also possible to have segments of the magnetization path which have different orientations with respect to the axis. According to a preferred development of the machine element of the invention, the magnetization path surrounds the machine element at a center angle of at least 360 °. Thus, the magnetization path extends over more than one revolution around the machine element. The top of the center corner is on the axis of the machine element. According to the preferred embodiments, the magnetization path surrounds the periphery of the machine member with a center angle less than 360 ° so that the magnetization path represents less than one loop around the element. of machine. According to a first group of preferred embodiments of the machine element, the magnetization path surrounds the axis which thus passes in the closed magnetization path. In this first group, for the preferred embodiment, the magnetization path surrounds the periphery of the machine member. In the first preferred embodiment group, the magnetization path is preferably formed by a closed zigzag line or a closed wavy line extending over the closed periphery of the machine member. .
    [0009] In a second group of preferred embodiments of the machine element according to the invention, the magnetization path is formed by a closed curve projected on the surface layer so that the magnetization path is closed in the surface layer 5 without including the axis. In this second group of preferred embodiments, the axis does not traverse the interior of the closed magnetization path even though the magnetization path extends about the axis at a center angle greater than 360 °. In the second group of preferred embodiments, the magnetization path is preferably a circle, ellipse, superellipse, square, trapezoid, rectangle, triangle, or parallelogram. The circle, ellipse, superellipse, square, trapezoid, rectangle, triangle or parallelogram are projected on the surface layer.
    [0010] The sides of the parallelogram, the square, the trapezoid or the triangle or the axes of the ellipses or superellipses may be parallel or perpendicular to the axis or, preferably, they are inclined with respect to the geometric axis of the element. machine. We can have different angles of inclination.
    [0011] According to preferred embodiments of the machine element according to the invention, several permanent magnetizations are developed. These permanent magnetizations along the respective magnetization path are preferably of identical or symmetrical plane shape. It is also possible to orient the permanent magnetizations 25 preferably in the same way with respect to the geometric axis. The different permanent magnetizations can be separated from each other or adjacent. The polarity of these permanent magnetizations preferably alternates between each time two adjacent permanent magnetizations. These permanent magnetizations may also be different in order to simultaneously measure different components of the magnetic field produced by permanent magnetization and by force and / or moment. In principle, many of the primary magnetizations that constitute the primary sensor geometries exist on the machine element, i.e., there are several surface layers and several magnetization paths. These different permanent magnetizations may have different geometric orientations, different geometrical shapes, different magnetization directions and / or different magnetization intensities. The edge of the surface layer is preferably also the edge of the permanent magnetization along the magnetization path. Thus, the surface layer preferably has the same extent and shape as permanent magnetization along the magnetization path. In principle, the surface layer could also overflow permanent magnetization.
    [0012] The surface layer has greater magnetic permeability, in particular greater relative magnetic permeability than the segments of the machine member directly beneath it. Preferably, the surface layer has a magnetic permeability greater than at least a multiple of that of the segments of the machine member below. Preferably, the surface layer has a magnetic permeability at least one hundred times greater than that of the segments of the machine element that lies beneath this surface layer. The segments of the machine element under the surface layer are preferably non-magnetic, i.e., non-ferromagnetic and non-magnetostrictive or barely magnetostrictive. The surface layer preferably has a magnetic resistance at least smaller than that of the segments of the machine element which lies beneath this surface layer. In a particularly preferred manner, the surface layer has a magnetic resistance several times smaller than that of the segments of the machine element which lies beneath the surface layer. The surface layer is preferably strongly remnant while the segments of the machine element under the surface layer are not remanent or only slightly sluggish. The surface layer is preferably hard magnetized while the segments of the machine element under the surface layer are soft magnetization or even more preferably they are non-magnetic.
    [0013] The surface layer is preferably strongly magnetostrictive. This is why the surface layer preferably has a magnetostrictive constant which, in amplitude, is greater than ten times that of the magnetostrictive constant of the segments of the machine element under the surface layer. The surface layer preferably has a greater magnetic permeability than that of all segments of the machine member that lie beneath the surface layer. The surface layer preferably has a magnetic permeability that is more than one hundred times higher than that of all segments of the machine member that lies beneath this surface layer. Preferably, the machine element, independently of the surface layer, is non-magnetic and in particular it is paramagnetic or diamagnetic. The preferred embodiments of the machine element according to the invention comprise, under the surface layer, a magnetic insulation layer made in the machine element, that is to say a layer of magnetic insulation. . The magnetic insulation layer is non-magnetic, and in particular paramagnetic or diamagnetic. It has a low permeability. This is why the zones of the machine element under the magnetic insulation layer can nevertheless be magnetic, and in particular ferromagnetic. The magnetic insulation layer may be on a base body of the machine element. The magnetic insulation layer preferably exceeds the edge of the surface layer so that this magnetic insulation layer magnetically insulates the surface layer itself at its side edge. According to preferred embodiments, the lateral edge of the surface layer comprises a magnetic insulation edge 30 made in the machine element and which isolates the surface layer also at its side edge. The surface layer is applied to the segment of the underlying machine element, preferably by a chemical process, a mechanical process, a thermal process or a thermomechanical process. It is therefore a layer applied by a coating process. The appropriate coating techniques exist practically for all materials. The surface layer is preferably applied by a chemical process, mechanical process, thermal process or thermomechanical process to the magnetic insulation layer. It is thus a layer applied by coating on the magnetic insulation layer. The magnetic insulation layer is preferably applied by a chemical process, a mechanical process, a thermal process or a thermomechanical process on the segment of the underlying machine element. Thus it is a layer applied by a coating process. According to preferred embodiments, the surface layer is diffused in the machine element. This is a diffusion layer. Also, as a preferred alternative, the magnetic insulation layer is diffused in the machine element so that it is then a diffused layer. The diffusion process applies in particular to metals. The realization of the surface layer or the magnetic insulation layer 20 by a chemical, mechanical, thermal or thermomechanical coating process and the development of the magnetic insulation layer or the surface layer by diffusion can be combined processes. According to particular embodiments, the machine element comprises a mechanically integral ring and on which there is the surface layer and, if appropriate, also the magnetic insulation layer. This embodiment must be chosen if the base material of the machine element does not make it possible to produce a surface layer and, where appropriate, also the magnetic insulation layer so that for the ring the suitable material. Preferably, the machine element has the shape of a prism or a cylinder and the prism or the cylinder are installed co-axially to the geometric axis. The prism or cylinder are preferably straight figures. In a particularly preferred manner, the machine element has the shape of a straight cylinder of circular section. This circular cylinder is mounted co-axially to the axis. Depending on the particular embodiments, the prism or the cylinder are of conical shapes. The prism or the cylinder may also be hollow.
    [0014] The machine element preferably consists of a shaft, a hollow shaft, a switching fork or a flange. The shaft, the switching range or the flange can be designed to receive loads generated by different forces and torques. In principle, the machine element can also be a completely different type of machine element. The arrangement according to the invention makes it possible to measure a force and / or a moment applied to the machine element according to the invention. This arrangement firstly comprises the machine element according to the invention and in addition at least one secondary sensor formed by a magnetic field sensor and used to measure at least one component of a magnetic field produced by the magnetic field. permanent magnetization and by force and / or by the moment. The secondary sensor transforms the magnetic field into an electrical signal that depends on the force to be measured or the moment to be measured.
    [0015] The arrangement according to the invention preferably comprises one of the preferred embodiments of the machine element according to the invention. The machine element is preferably an integral part of the device.
    [0016] The magnetic field sensor (s) is preferably Hall sensors, coils, Foerser probes or fluxgate magnetometers. In principle, other types of sensors could also be used in so far as they make it possible to measure magnetic fields generated by the inverse magnetostrictive effect. The method according to the invention makes it possible to manufacture the machine element according to the invention, in particular to develop the surface layer of the machine element. In a process step, a base body 35 of the machine member to which the surface layer is applied is used. The basic body of the machine element then already has the mechanical properties necessary for the transmission of the force or moment to be transmitted. The basic body of the machine element may comprise a freight ring.
    [0017] According to another step of the method of the invention, a surface layer is developed on or in the base body of the machine element. The surface layer has a permanent magnetization and this surface layer has a magnetic permeability at least greater than the segment of the machine element which lies beneath the surface layer. Permanent magnetization extends along a closed magnetization path. In principle, the surface layer can be achieved by a coating operation on the base body of the machine element or by a diffusion operation in the base body of the machine element. According to preferred embodiments of the process of the invention, the surface layer is produced by applying the surface layer by a chemical process, a mechanical process, a thermal process or a thermomechanical process on the segment of the element 20 of the machine that is below. This corresponds to the application of a coating on the segment of the machine element below. In the simplest case, the realization of the surface layer consists of installing the surface layer by a chemical process, a mechanical process, a thermal process or a thermomechanical process on the base body of the machine element. especially for example on the ring. Preferably, a magnetic insulation layer is also produced under the surface layer. In this case, the surface layer is made by permanent magnetization in that the surface layer is applied to the magnetic insulation layer by a chemical process, a mechanical process, a thermal process or a thermomechanical process. The magnetic insulation layer is preferably developed by applying the insulating layer to the base body of the machine element by a chemical process, a mechanical process, a thermal process or a thermomechanical process. . There is thus a coating of the base body of the machine element, for example in particular the ring. According to alternative embodiments of the method of the invention, the development of the surface layer consists in diffusing it into the base body of the machine element or in the magnetic insulation layer. Alternatively, the magnetic insulation layer is also developed, preferably by diffusing it into the base body of the machine element.
    [0018] The side edge of the surface layer preferably receives a magnetic insulation edge, especially if the machine element is magnetic insulating under the surface layer. The magnetic insulation edge is preferably diffused into the base body of the machine element.
    [0019] The realization of the surface layer or the magnetic insulation layer by a method of coating and developing the insulating layer or the surface layer by diffusion can be combined operations. For example, the surface layer may be coated by coating on the diffused insulation layer.
    [0020] Drawings The present invention will be described in more detail below with the aid of examples of machine elements and machine element devices as well as methods of manufacturing such machine elements shown schematically in the drawings. 4, in which: FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a simple embodiment of a machine element according to the invention; FIG. 2 is a sectional view of the surface layer shown in FIG. 1, FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a preferred embodiment of the machine element according to the invention, FIG. 4 shows a first preferred embodiment of the surface layer, FIG. shows a second preferred embodiment of the surface layer, Figure 6 shows a third preferred embodiment of the surface layer, Figure 7 shows a fourth preferred embodiment of the surface layer, Figure 7 shows a fourth preferred embodiment of the surface layer, Figure 7 shows a fourth preferred embodiment of the surface layer, Figure 7 shows a fourth preferred embodiment of the surface layer, Figure 7 shows a fourth preferred embodiment of the surface layer, Figure 7 shows a fourth preferred embodiment of the surface layer. of the surface layer, FIG. 8 shows a fifth preferred embodiment of the surface layer, FIG. 9 is a perspective view of the machine element according to the invention with different magnetization paths, the FIG. 10 is an alternative embodiment of the machine element 10 according to the invention with a magnetization path, FIG. 11 is a preferred embodiment of the machine element according to the invention shown in section, FIG. 12 is a magnetization path according to a general embodiment, FIG. 13 is a magnetization path according to a first preferred embodiment, and FIG. 14 is a magnetization path according to a second preferred embodiment. DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION FIG. 1 shows a perspective view of a simple embodiment of a machine element according to the invention. This machine element is a hollow shaft exposed to different forces and moments that are measurable according to the invention. The basic material of the machine element is, for example, a mild magnetized steel.
    [0021] The shell of the hollow shaft has a surface layer 01 which, in the simple embodiment, is in the form of a projecting circle of a circle. This surface layer 01 is made of a magnetostrictive material and is hard magnetized. In the surface layer 01 a permanent magnetization is made which extends along the magnetization path 02 and constitutes a primary sensor. The magnetization path 02 is closed. In the simple embodiment presented, the magnetization path 02 is in a closed circle. Since the magnetization path 02 is closed, the permanent magnetization has no outward effect as long as the machine element is not subjected to any effort or moment.
    [0022] According to the invention, the magnetization path 02 is not linked to a circular shape, but may have a free form, for example a form drawn by freehand. The free form offers better possibilities of compensation with respect to external magnetic fields and the influence of temperature, especially with regard to large temperature gradients. For this, it is necessary to detect the geometry of the primary sensor, that is to say the magnetization path in different positions with a secondary sensor (not shown) constituted by a magnetic field sensor which allows to recover large - 10 different measurement units usable by calculation to make a compensation. FIG. 2 shows a cross-sectional view of the surface layer 01 of FIG. 1 with the magnetization path 02. The permanent magnetization symbolized by the magnetization path 02 is developed exclusively in the surface layer 01 Figure 3 is a perspective view of a preferred embodiment of the machine element according to the invention. This machine element is again a hollow shaft. The surface layer 01 with the magnetization path 02 in the form of a permanent magnetization is similar to the embodiment of FIG. 1. In addition, a magnetic insulation layer 03 is provided. that is to say a layer providing magnetic insulation and which is a paramagnetic or diamagnetic material. The magnetic insulation layer 03 is under the surface layer 01 and protrudes therefrom. Thus, the magnetic insulation layer 03 also has a projected circle ring shape with an optional free space 04 in the middle thereof. The magnetic insulation layer 03 has a relatively low magnetic permeability 1r and serves to magnetically decouple the permanent magnetization of the surface layer 01 from the remainder of the machine member which is made of steel. Thus, thanks to the environment constituted by the magnetic insulation layer 03 and the air, the permanent magnetization of the surface layer 01 will have a relative magnetic permeability gr of about 1 or less. Thus, this environment has a high magnetic resistance while the magnetostrictive surface layer 01 has a much greater magnetic permeability and thus represents a very low magnetic resistance in the environment. Therefore, the density of the magnetic field in the surface layer O1 is greater than that of the environment, which is an important condition for the stability of the permanent magnetization in the surface layer O1. is a sectional view of the surface layer 01 according to a first preferred embodiment. The magnetic insulation layer 03 and the surface layer 01 are each applied by a chemical, mechanical, thermal or thermomechanical coating process according to DIN 8580. FIG. 5 is a sectional view of a second embodiment preferred embodiment of the surface layer 01. The magnetic insulation layer 03 and the surface layer 01 are made by diffusion in the material of the machine element. For this purpose, the low permeability magnetic insulation layer 03 is first generated by diffusion. Next, the magnetostrictive surface layer 01 is also diffusively diffused into the magnetic insulation layer 03 already produced. FIG. 6 is a sectional view of a third preferred embodiment of the surface layer 01. In this embodiment, a magnetic insulation edge 06 has been developed and the surface layer 01 respectively by diffusion into the surface. material of the machine element. For this, the magnetostrictive surface layer 01 was first developed by diffusion. Next, the magnetic insulation edge 06 was developed around the magnetostrictive surface layer 02 by diffusion. FIG. 7 shows a sectional view of a fourth preferred embodiment of the surface layer 01. In this embodiment, the magnetic insulation edge 06 has been developed by applying a coating while the surface layer 01 was obtained by diffusion. For this purpose, the magnetic insulation layer 03 was first coated (see FIG. 3) and then the magnetostrictive surface layer 01 was applied by diffusion into the magnetic insulation layer 03 (see FIG. so that only the magnetic insulation edge 06 remains.
    [0023] FIG. 8 is a sectional view of a fifth preferred embodiment of the surface layer 01. In this embodiment, the surface layer 01 is obtained by applying a coating while the layer of magnetic insulation 03 has been developed by diffusion. For this, the magnetic insulation layer 03 was first made by diffusion process and then the magnetostrictive surface layer 01 was applied as a coating to the magnetic insulation layer 03. FIG. 9 is a perspective view of the machine element according to the invention with the different magnetization paths 02. The magnetization path 02 presented in the first place is tangent to the entire periphery of the machine element so that this path corresponds to a center angle of 360 °. The magnetization path 02 thus has a circular shape.
    [0024] The magnetization path 02 presented in the second position corresponds to a zigzag pattern all around the periphery of the machine element so that it corresponds to a center angle of 360 °. The zigzag path is composed of short segments of the magnetization path 02 which form between them a same angle α such that 0 ° <a <180 °.
    [0025] The magnetization path 02 shown in the third position has a path inclined with respect to the tangential direction over the entire periphery of the machine member so that it also corresponds to a center angle of 360 °. The orientation of the magnetization path 02 may also be described as corresponding to a diagonal of the machine member. The magnetization path 02 presented in fourth position comprises two magnetization paths 02 represented in second position and which are adjacent so that one has a shape in X which is repeated.
    [0026] FIG. 10 shows an alternative embodiment of the machine element according to the invention with a magnetization path 02. In this embodiment, the machine element is constituted by a shaft with a section reduction. The magnetization path 02 rotates on the periphery of the shaft to the other segment of the reduced section shaft, proceeding in the axial direction to rotate around this shaft segment with the path. of magnetization 02 and a right angle a varying several times. This angle α can also be chosen in any way between 0 ° and 180 °. Figure 11 shows a preferred embodiment of the machine element according to the invention shown in sectional view. This machine element is also a hollow shaft exposed to different forces and moments. The figure shows an angle p. Figures 12 to 14 show representations of the machine element with reference to the angle p. Figures 12 to 14 show a cylindrical envelope surface 07 with different embodiments; the surface 07 in the form of a cylindrical envelope is represented each time in the form of the development of the hollow shaft according to the angle p. The cylindrical envelope-shaped surface 07 of the hollow shaft is represented each time in the form of a rectangle.
    [0027] Figure 12 shows the magnetization path 02 according to a general embodiment. The magnetization path 02 is on the surface 02 of the cylindrical casing of the machine element (see FIG. 11). The magnetization path 02 is a closed path and has the general shape as shown, i.e., an irregular shape. The direction of the magnetization path 02, that is to say the orientation of the permanent magnetization can also be performed in reverse. Figure 13 shows the magnetization path 02 according to a first preferred embodiment. In the expanded representation, the magnetization path 02 has the form of a square. According to embodiments, the square may also be inclined by changing the angle a. According to other variant embodiments, the angle θ and / or the length of the sides a, b, c, d can be varied and instead of having a quadrangular shape, a trapezoid shape, a parallelogram, of triangle or other for the path of magnetization 02. We can also round off the angles of the various forms evoked. In principle, all the corners of all the embodiments described can be rounded, which gives each time another embodiment. Figure 14 shows a second preferred embodiment of the magnetization path 02. In the expanded representation, the magnetization path 02 has the form of a superellipse or an oblong hole. According to alternative embodiments, it is also possible to modify the angle α, the radii ri, r2 or the length at sides.
    [0028] 5 3024233 20 NOMENCLATURE OF MAIN ELEMENTS 01 Surface layer 02 Magnet path 5 03 Magnetic insulation layer 04 Free space 06 Magnetic insulation edge 07 Cylindrical shell surface 10
    权利要求:
    Claims (5)
    [0001]
    CLAIMS 1 °) A machine element for transmitting a force and / or a moment, this machine element comprising a primary sensor for measuring the force or the moment to be transmitted, and it has a permanent magnetization, produced by force and / or by the moment of a measurable magnetic field produced outside the machine element, permanent magnetization extending along a closed magnetization path (02), and permanent magnetization being made in a surface layer (01) of the machine element which has a greater magnetic permeability than at least the segment of the machine element which lies beneath the surface layer (01).
    [0002]
    Machine element according to Claim 1, characterized in that the magnetization path (02) extends on the periphery of the machine element with a center angle of at least 360 °, the path of magnetization (02) closing around the axis of the machine element.
    [0003]
    Machine element according to claim 1, characterized in that the magnetization path (02) extends at the periphery of the machine element at a center angle of less than 360 °.
    [0004]
    4 °) Machine element according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the magnetization path (02) is formed by a closed curve projected on the surface layer (01).
    [0005]
    5 °) Machine element according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that a magnetic insulation layer (03) is developed in the machine element under the surface layer (01). 6 °) device with a machine element according to any one of claims 1 to 5 and at least one secondary sensor constituted by a magnetic field sensor which, for measuring at least one component of the magnetic field produced by the permanent magnetization and by force and / or by the moment. 7) Method for producing a machine element according to one of claims 1 to 5, comprising: - using a machine element base body, and - developing a surface layer (01) on the base body of the machine member which has a permanent magnetization, the surface layer (01) having a greater magnetic permeability than at least the segment of the machine element which lies beneath the surface layer (01 ), and the permanent magnetization extends along a closed magnetization path (02). Process according to Claim 7, characterized in that the surface layer (01) is developed by applying the surface layer (01) by a chemical, mechanical, thermal or thermomechanical process on the surface segment. machine element below. Method according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that a magnetic insulation layer (03) is further developed under the surface layer (01). 10 °) Method according to one of claims 7 to 9, characterized in that the surface layer (01) is developed with permanent magnetization in that it is diffused in the base body of the machine element or in the magnetic insulation layer (03). 35
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    GB2536982B|2017-04-26|
    GB201512632D0|2015-08-26|
    CN105300571A|2016-02-03|
    US9587996B2|2017-03-07|
    GB2536982A9|2016-10-26|
    CN105300571B|2017-11-07|
    DE102014214249B3|2015-09-10|
    GB2536982A|2016-10-05|
    US20160025579A1|2016-01-28|
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    法律状态:
    2016-07-28| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 2 |
    2017-07-27| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 3 |
    2018-01-05| PLSC| Search report ready|Effective date: 20180105 |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    DE102014214249.0A|DE102014214249B3|2014-07-22|2014-07-22|Machine element and arrangement for measuring a force or a moment and method for producing the machine element|
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